Josef Kajetán Tyl (1808-1856) was a Czech playwright, poet, journalist, and political activist. He is considered one of the most important figures in Czech literature and culture. He wrote plays that were popular in both the Czech Republic and abroad, including Fidlovačka aneb Žádný hněv a žádná rvačka (Fiddling or No Anger and No Fight), which was adapted into a film in 1972. He also wrote several poems and articles for newspapers and magazines. In addition to his literary work, he was an active political figure who advocated for the rights of the Czech people. He was a leader of the National Revival movement in Bohemia and Moravia, which sought to restore Czech culture after centuries of German domination. He is remembered as a champion of freedom and democracy who helped shape modern Czech identity.
